29 research outputs found
Bringing Semantic Diversity to the Online Catalog with LibraryThing
While controlled vocabularies, such as the Library of Congress Subject Headings, are an essential component of bibliographic classification, a controlled vocabulary excludes all possibilities of semantic variance by design. Also, a controlled vocabulary tends to lag behind the organic nature of language and does not account for the introduction of new or discipline specific vocabularies. These limitations present unique challenges for our users searching the OP AC. Can importing social tags in the online catalog effectively address the lack of semantic variance?
As part of the Web OPAC redesign project at UNO, LibraryThing tags were added to matching bibliographic records in the online catalog. This presentation will cover the practical aspects of adding LibraryThing tags to most vendor-based OPACs, address the variety of tags employed and offer ideas for effective tagging. In addition, we will explore how a collaborative service learning project with discipline specific university classes encouraged patron participation. We will also examine the overall quality and utility of LibraryTiring\u27s folksonomy. Lastly, additional features to be added in the near future by LibraryThing\u27s developers will be discussed
The Keck Baryonic Structure Survey: using foreground/background galaxy pairs to trace the structure and kinematics of circumgalactic neutral hydrogen at z ⌠2
We present new measurements of the spatial distribution and kinematics of neutral hydrogen in the circumgalactic and intergalactic medium surrounding star-forming galaxies at z ⌠2. Using the spectra of â3000 galaxies with redshifts â©zâȘ = 2.3 ± 0.4 from the Keck Baryonic Structure Survey, we assemble a sample of more than 200â000 distinct foreground-background pairs with projected angular separations of 3â500 arcsec and spectroscopic redshifts, with â©z_(fg)âȘ = 2.23 and â©zbgâȘ = 2.57 (foreground, background redshifts, respectively.) The ensemble of sightlines and foreground galaxies is used to construct a 2D map of the mean excess HI Lyα optical depth relative to the intergalactic mean as a function of projected galactocentric distance (20 âČ D_(tran)/pkpc âČ 4000) and line-of-sight velocity. We obtain accurate galaxy systemic redshifts, providing significant information on the line-of-sight kinematics of HI gas as a function of projected distance D_(tran). We compare the map with cosmological zoom-in simulation, finding qualitative agreement between them. A simple two-component (accretion, outflow) analytical model generally reproduces the observed line-of-sight kinematics and projected spatial distribution of HI. The best-fitting model suggests that galaxy-scale outflows with initial velocity v_(out) â 600 km sâ»Âč dominate the kinematics of circumgalactic HI out to D_(tran) â 50 kpc, while HI at D_(tran) âł 100 kpc is dominated by infall with characteristic v_(in) âČ circular velocity. Over the impact parameter range 80 âČ D_(tran)/pkpc âČ 200, the HI line-of-sight velocity range reaches a minimum, with a corresponding flattening in the rest-frame Lyα equivalent width. These observations can be naturally explained as the transition between outflow-dominated and accretion-dominated flows. Beyond D_(tran) â 300âpkpc (âŒ1âcMpc), the line-of-sight kinematics are dominated by Hubble expansion
The Keck Baryonic Structure Survey: Using foreground/background galaxy pairs to trace the structure and kinematics of circumgalactic neutral hydrogen at
We present new measurements of the spatial distribution and kinematics of
neutral hydrogen in the circumgalactic and intergalactic medium surrounding
star-forming galaxies at z ~ 2. Using the spectra of ~ 3000 galaxies with
redshifts +/- 0.4 from the Keck Baryonic Structure Survey (KBSS), we
assemble a sample of more than 200,000 distinct foreground-background pairs
with projected angular separations of 3 - 500 arcsec and spectroscopic
redshifts, with = 2.23 and = 2.57. The ensemble of
sightlines and foreground galaxies is used to construct a 2D map of the mean
excess Ly optical depth relative to the intergalactic mean as a
function of projected galactocentric distance (20 < /pkpc < 4000) and
line-of-sight velocity. We provide information on the line-of-sight kinematics
of H I gas as a function of projected distance . We compare the map
with cosmological zoom-in simulation, finding qualitative agreement between
them. A simple two-component (accretion, outflow) analytical model generally
reproduces the observed line-of-sight kinematics and projected spatial
distribution of H I. The best-fitting model suggests that galaxy-scale outflows
with initial velocity ~ 600 km/s dominate the kinematics of
circumgalactic H I out to ~ 50 kpc, while H I at > 100
kpc is dominated by infall with characteristic < , where is
the circular velocity of the host halo ( ~ ). Over the
impact parameter range 80 < /pkpc < 200, the H I line-of-sight
velocity range reaches a minimum, with a corresponding flattening in the
rest-frame Ly equivalent width. These observations can be naturally
explained as the transition between outflow-dominated and accretion-dominated
flows. Beyond ~ 300 kpc, the line of sight kinematics are dominated
by Hubble expansion.Comment: 27 pages, 24 figures, 3 tables, accepted by MNRAS. Additional data at
http://ramekin.caltech.edu/KBSS
Expanding the diversity of mycobacteriophages: insights into genome architecture and evolution.
Mycobacteriophages are viruses that infect mycobacterial hosts such as Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. All mycobacteriophages characterized to date are dsDNA tailed phages, and have either siphoviral or myoviral morphotypes. However, their genetic diversity is considerable, and although sixty-two genomes have been sequenced and comparatively analyzed, these likely represent only a small portion of the diversity of the mycobacteriophage population at large. Here we report the isolation, sequencing and comparative genomic analysis of 18 new mycobacteriophages isolated from geographically distinct locations within the United States. Although no clear correlation between location and genome type can be discerned, these genomes expand our knowledge of mycobacteriophage diversity and enhance our understanding of the roles of mobile elements in viral evolution. Expansion of the number of mycobacteriophages grouped within Cluster A provides insights into the basis of immune specificity in these temperate phages, and we also describe a novel example of apparent immunity theft. The isolation and genomic analysis of bacteriophages by freshman college students provides an example of an authentic research experience for novice scientists
Short-term efficacy and safety of rituximab therapy in refractory systemic lupus erythematosus: results from the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group Biologics Register.
OBJECTIVES: To describe the baseline characteristics of SLE patients requiring biologic therapy in the UK and to explore short term efficacy and infection rates associated with rituximab (RTX) use. METHODS: Patients commencing biologic therapy for refractory SLE and who consented to join BILAG-BR were analysed. Baseline characteristics, disease activity (BILAG 2004/SLEDAI-2K) and rates of infection over follow-up were analysed. Response was defined as loss of all A and B BILAG scores to ⩜ 1 B score with no new A/B scores in other organ systems at 6 months. RESULTS: Two hundred and seventy SLE patients commenced biologic therapy from September 2010 to September 2015, most commonly RTX (n = 261). Two hundred and fifty (93%) patients were taking glucocorticoids at baseline at a median [interquartile range (IQR)] oral dose of 10 mg (5-20 mg) daily. Response rates at 6 months were available for 68% of patients. The median (IQR) BILAG score was 15 (10-23) at baseline and 3 (2-12) at 6 months (P < 0.0001). The median (IQR) SLEDAI-2K reduced from 8 (5-12) to 4 (0-7) (P < 0.001). Response was achieved in 49% of patients. There was also a reduction in glucocorticoid use to a median (IQR) dose of 7.5 mg (5-12 mg) at 6 months (P < 0.001). Serious infections occurred in 26 (10%) patients, being more frequent in the first 3 months post-RTX therapy. A higher proportion of early infections were non-respiratory (odds ratio = 1.98, 95% CI: 0.99, 3.9; P = 0.049). CONCLUSION: RTX is safe and is associated with improvement in disease activity in refractory SLE patients with concomitant reductions in glucocorticoid use. Early vigilance for infection post-infusion is important to further improve treatment risks and benefits